Comprehensive Guide on Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Osteoporosis, often referred to as a 'silent disease,' is a condition that typically does not show early signs or symptoms. However, it can lead to serious complications, such as pathological fractures of the hips or spine, which can result in disability.
The first discovery of osteoporosis is often when a fracture or broken bone occurs due to loss in bone density. Some people may experience spontaneous or stress-related breaks, such as from falls. In addition, those affected may develop back pain and structural changes if it affects the spine, leading to a hunched posture.
Weaker grip strength increases the risk of falls and is associated with lower mineral density in the bones, especially in postmenopausal women. This is a significant concern, as falls can lead to fractures and further complications.
While people assigned female at birth have a higher chance of developing primary osteoporosis, people assigned male at birth have a lower risk of primary osteoporosis but an increased risk of developing secondary osteoporosis from medication or other underlying causes.
Certain medical conditions can increase your risk of osteoporosis. These include rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic use of glucocorticoids, immobilization, and certain chronic inflammatory diseases. These conditions contribute to bone loss by inflammation, metabolic disturbances, or medication side effects. Additionally, aging and hormonal changes also raise osteoporosis risk.
Poor oral health has shown some connection with osteoporosis, as both are associated with bone loss and share some similar risk factors. However, using fingernails to diagnose bone health is not yet practical.
Brittle or weak nails may suggest possible weakening bone health, but a more reliable indicator is a personal history of a fracture from a ground-level fall or minor trauma after age 40, advancing age, bodyweight under 128 pounds, smoking, low levels of physical activity, being of white or Asian race, having experienced early menopause, and certain medical conditions like hyperparathyroidism, anorexia, malabsorption of nutrients, hyperthyroidism, overtreatment of hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, Cushing syndrome, any disease that can lead to long-term immobilization, vitamin D deficiency, living with diabetes, a history of breast cancer.
If you have one or more risk factors for osteoporosis, consider discussing your personal health risks with a doctor. Early intervention and preventative measures can help manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications. At the advanced stage of osteoporosis, a doctor would be able to see changes in bone structure during a physical examination.
Severe fractures can increase the risk of mortality or death. Therefore, it is essential to maintain good bone health through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and regular check-ups with your healthcare provider.
